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Human Development · Chapter 13

Integrity vs. Despair

Erik Erikson's eighth and final psychosocial stage. In late adulthood we look back and take stock — and the way we resolve the tension between ego integrity and despair shapes how we meet the end of life. Drag the slider along the continuum to see how the crisis resolves.

The life review

Stage
8 of 8
Age
65+
Virtue
Wisdom
The final crisisdrag the slider to resolve it
◀ DespairIntegrity ▶
Healthy aging isn't pure integrity — it's when integrity outweighs despair, yet a little despair remains honest.