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Microbiology · Chapter 7

Conjugation: Spreading Resistance Cell to Cell

Resistance does not only pass from parent to daughter. One bacterium can hand a whole resistance kit to a neighbor just by touching it. Walk through conjugation step by step, pump the plasmid across with the slider, and watch a susceptible cell turn into a new resistant donor.

Two cells meet press Next, or drag the slider

Conjugation model

Reading the picture. The gold ring is the R plasmid. The green cell carries it and survives the drug. The pale cell does not, yet. During transfer the gold line is the single strand of DNA being pumped across.

Conjugationstep 1 of 7
Donor · F+
R plasmid present
resistant
Recipient · F−
no plasmid
susceptible
Strand moved0%
DNA crossed0 kb
Plasmid copies1
nick at oriTwhole ring across

What one donor becomes

Each new recipient turns into a donor itself, so the number of donors can double every round of contact. Press the button to run more rounds.

Rounds0
Donors1
Still susceptible63
Donors per round

Real populations never double this cleanly. Carrying a plasmid costs the cell energy, and not every pairing succeeds. The shape of the curve is still the point.