How to use this: open the walkthrough first and go at your own pace with the arrow keys or Next. Then open the Lab: move the sliders, give the drugs, and work the patient cases. Use the tools bar at the top of each page to pause the animations, slow them down, have the text read aloud, or get a written description of each picture. For learning only. Not medical advice and not a dosing reference.
Module 1 Pharmacokinetics: how the body handles drugs
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, half-life, and why drug levels rise and fall.
- Routes and onset
- First-pass effect
- Protein binding
- CYP450 inducers / inhibitors
- Kidney excretion
- Half-life
- Steady state
- Loading dose
- Peak and trough
- Narrow therapeutic index
Module 2 Pharmacodynamics: how drugs act on the body
Receptors, agonists and antagonists, dose-response curves, tolerance, interactions and adverse reactions.
- Receptor types
- Agonist / antagonist
- Partial agonist
- Potency vs efficacy
- Therapeutic index
- Tolerance / rebound
- Drug interactions
- Allergy vs side effect
- Pharmacogenomics
- Black box warnings
Module 3 Autonomic nervous system drugs
Drugs that push or block the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, receptor by receptor.
- Cholinergic agonists
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- Anticholinergics
- Organophosphate poisoning
- Epinephrine / norepinephrine
- Dopamine / dobutamine
- Albuterol
- Alpha-1 blockers
- Beta blockers (-olol)
- Clonidine
Module 4 Psychiatric and sleep drugs
Anxiety, sleep, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis and ADHD drugs, seen at the synapse.
- Benzodiazepines
- Z-drugs / buspirone
- SSRIs / SNRIs
- TCAs / MAOIs
- Serotonin syndrome
- Lithium
- Antipsychotics
- EPS / NMS
- Clozapine
- ADHD stimulants
Module 5 Neurologic drugs and anesthesia
Seizures, Parkinson and Alzheimer disease, migraine, muscle relaxants and anesthesia.
- Phenytoin / carbamazepine
- Valproate / levetiracetam
- Status epilepticus
- Levodopa-carbidopa
- Donepezil / memantine
- Triptans
- Dantrolene
- Local anesthetics
- Propofol
- Neuromuscular blockers
Module 6 Pain, inflammation and immune-modifying drugs
Opioids and naloxone, NSAIDs and acetaminophen, steroids, gout and arthritis drugs.
- Opioids / naloxone
- Buprenorphine
- NSAIDs / COX-2
- Aspirin
- Acetaminophen / acetylcysteine
- Corticosteroids
- Colchicine / allopurinol
- Methotrexate
- TNF inhibitors
Module 7 Diuretics and antihypertensives
How drugs lower blood pressure through the heart, the vessels and the kidneys.
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazides
- Spironolactone
- ACE inhibitors (-pril)
- ARBs (-sartan)
- Calcium channel blockers
- Beta blockers
- Clonidine rebound
- Hydralazine
- Orthostatic hypotension
Module 8 Heart failure, angina, arrhythmia and lipid drugs
Drugs for a weak heart, chest pain, abnormal rhythms and high cholesterol.
- Digoxin / digoxin immune fab
- HF drug therapy
- Nitroglycerin
- Antiarrhythmic classes
- Amiodarone
- Adenosine
- Statins
- Ezetimibe / PCSK9
- Niacin / fibrates
Module 9 Anticoagulants, antiplatelets and blood drugs
Heparins, warfarin, DOACs, antiplatelets, clot busters, and drugs that build blood.
- Heparin / protamine
- HIT
- Enoxaparin
- Warfarin / INR / vitamin K
- DOACs (-xaban)
- Reversal agents
- Aspirin / clopidogrel
- Alteplase
- Iron / B12 / folic acid
- Epoetin / filgrastim
Module 10 Respiratory and allergy drugs
Rescue and controller inhalers, steroids, allergy, cold and cough drugs, and inhaler technique.
- Albuterol (SABA)
- LABAs
- Ipratropium / tiotropium
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- Montelukast
- Theophylline
- Inhaler technique
- Antihistamines
- Decongestants
- Cough and mucus drugs
Module 11 Gastrointestinal drugs
Acid reducers, stomach protectors, antiemetics, laxatives and antidiarrheals.
- PPIs (-prazole)
- H2 blockers (-tidine)
- Antacids / sucralfate
- Misoprostol
- Ondansetron
- Metoclopramide
- Laxatives
- Loperamide
- IBD drugs
Module 12 Endocrine and reproductive drugs
Insulin and diabetes drugs, thyroid, adrenal, bone and reproductive hormones.
- Insulin types
- Hypoglycemia
- Metformin
- Sulfonylureas
- GLP-1 agonists / DPP-4
- SGLT2 inhibitors
- Levothyroxine
- Methimazole / PTU
- Bisphosphonates
- Hormonal contraceptives
Module 13 Anti-infective drugs
Antibiotics, TB drugs, antifungals and antivirals, with what the nurse monitors and teaches.
- Penicillins / cephalosporins
- Vancomycin
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- Macrolides
- Fluoroquinolones
- SMX-TMP / metronidazole
- TB drugs
- Antifungals
- Antivirals
Module 14 Cancer and immunosuppressant drugs
How chemotherapy, targeted and immune therapies work, and managing their side effects.
- Cell cycle and chemo
- Alkylating agents
- Antimetabolites
- Doxorubicin
- Vincristine / cisplatin
- -nib / -mab drugs
- Checkpoint inhibitors
- Neutropenia
- Tumor lysis
- Tacrolimus / cyclosporine
Module 15 Medication safety, dosage calculation and toxicology
Giving medicines safely, doing the math, and reversing poisonings with antidotes.
- Rights of administration
- High-alert medications
- Do-not-use abbreviations
- Older adults / pregnancy
- Dimensional analysis
- Weight-based doses
- IV flow rates
- Antidotes
- Poison control